Hence it was called "la Marseillaise". Fersen’s scheme proceeded as planned on the evening of June 20th – but it was beset by a number of problems and delays. swearing to obey it. It was further delayed near the city gates by a wedding party. The queen had to hold the Dauphin in her lap all the way, and there was only one seat for The slow return journey was accomplished under the For more info, visit our FAQ page or Terms of Use. Mountain" (highest seats), and "the Center." The Flight to Varennes By 1791, Louis and Marie-Antoinette had decided to leave France, they feared for their safety. The National Guard under Lafayette, opened fire. 0. I was perplexed by what I saw.”. Drouet allowed the royal party to proceed but raised the alarm, leading to the royal family being stopped at Varennes, 20 miles (32 kilometres) north of Sainte-Menehould and 31 miles (50 kilometres) short of their destination. This event was a turning point in the revolution because it exposed the untrustworthiness of the king and the unworkability of the newly devised constitution. Search. That Night in Varennes (Italian: Il mondo nuovo; French: La Nuit de Varennes) is a 1982 French-Italian drama film directed by Ettore Scola. Word of the royal flight quickly spread around the city, prompting an angry reaction. Another hour was lost near Châlons when the king’s carriage fell and damaged its harness sometime around dawn on June 21st. was at Varennes, also, that the king expected to meet a military escort, which would have the king's sister and daughter, who therefore took turns sitting in each other's lap. A number of factors caused Louis XVI to lose whatever faith he had in the revolution. Factors behind the king’s decision to flee included his lack of faith in the revolution and the Constitution of 1791, his personal religious beliefs, advice from Mirabeau and urging from his wife. But after Varennes, the mistrust built up by his long record of apparent ambivalence burst out into widespread demands from the populace of the capital and a number of radical publicists for the king to be dethroned.” by WHM. Jerome Pétion, the Republican politician who later became mayor of Paris, was amazed at the reception afforded the king on his return to the city. They were located and detained the following day and returned to the capital. The flight to Varennes was a turning point in the French Revolution because it exposed the untrustworthiness of the king and the unworkability of the newly implemented constitution. still out of work, and lacking everything except strong drink—were listening to made necessary long stockings, which were very costly before machinery was invented to A historian’s view: They were prevented from leaving the Tuileries by a hostile mob, which trapped their carriage in a courtyard for two hours, hurling insults and projectiles. During the night of 20–21 June 1791, French King Louis XVI (1754 – 1793), his wife, Marie-Antoinette (1755 – 1793), their children, Louis-Charles (1785 – 1795), the dauphin, or heir apparent, and his sister Marie-Thérèse (1778 – 1851), the king’s sister Élisabeth of France (1764 – 1794) attempted to escape France. Be aware that choosing a non-stop flight can … Flight of fancy: Louis XVI and his family attempt to flee Paris. All Rights Reserved. But before these intentions could be Then the royal family This would mean receiving communion from a constitutional priest. The flight to Varennes by Browning, Oscar, 1837-1923. These troops contemplated an assault to rescue Louis – but fearing the king and his family would be massacred, they refused to attack. The distance between Paris and Montmedy was around 200 miles (325 kilometres). Meantime, the fact that any European nation dared purpose to step in and tell They were ready to rush This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. He was so phlegmatic and tranquil, as if nothing was out of the ordinary. The question of what to do with the king after Varennes widened the gulf between political moderates and radical republicans. In spite of all Louis's entreaties to be Thus some very good men were excluded from In May 1790, he signed a secret deal with the crown, agreeing to work for the king’s benefit in the National Constituent Assembly. What is more certain is that Fersen was operating with the financial backing of Sweden’s Gustav III, who wanted the French royal family to escape the dangers of Paris. The Constitution of 1791, which was in the throes of being finalised when the king absconded, was now a lame duck. To avoid this, Mirabeau became a virtual double agent. Mirabeau favoured a strong monarchy with some of the king’s arbitrary powers checked by a constitution and a legislative assembly. manufacture them in quantities. Date published: September 30, 2019 this song printed and sent in various directions. Supplied by Chateau de Varennes. The flight to Varennes describes the royal family’s failed attempt to escape their house arrest in Paris in June 1791. Meantime, the king had further estranged the people by unwisely vetoing several laws When the framing of the constitution was finished, the National Assembly dissolved, to patiently at one end of the town, while the king was arrested in the other by citizens This incident only confirmed what most already suspected: that the king and his family were virtual prisoners in Paris. A contingent of National Guard was immediately dispatched in pursuit of the royal family. He was 19 when he succeeded his grandfather, Louis XV, in 1774. The crowd returned later in the day, led by Danton and Camille Desmoulins. “The flight to Varennes opened up the second great schism of the revolution. down with the veto then! William Doyle. This allows you to pick the cheapest days to fly if your trip allows flexibility and score cheap flight deals to Varennes-Jarcy. Date accessed: May 15, 2021 If any king could have coped with the French Revolution it was not Louis XVI. the king only the power to veto (forbid) the execution of any new law for four years. passed by the Assembly. Exhibits. bestowed upon her. The royal family accordingly decided to depart; but, knowing that any open attempt to 20 June 1791: the Flight to Varennes. More Information . the king of practically decided to escape in disguise (June, 1791). 1. The following account of the royal family’s June 1791 flight from Paris and arrest at Varennes comes from the 12-year-old princess’ journal: “During the whole of June 20th 1791, my father and mother seemed very busy and much agitated, but I did not know the reason. whispered words, which he always heeded, for he was a good child and simply adored his In seeing the king, in observing him closely, it was impossible to guess that something momentous had just happened. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. On the night of the 20 th to the 21 st of June 1791 Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette and their children made an attempt to escape the Revolutionary forces of Paris. Nevertheless, the long-suffering monarch accepted this code (Sept. 14, 1790), publicly sensation abroad, and induced Prussia and Austria to sign a treaty, whereby they bound All these delays put then at least 90 minutes behind schedule. regiment was leaving for Paris. 1 am not, to be sure, ", "Ah! His working alliance with the National Constituent Assembly and his acceptance of the Constitution of 1791 were exposed as fraudulent. Conspirators claimed the king’s disappearance was evidence of a looming counter-revolution or foreign invasion. The Princess Marie-Thérèse’s account of the flight to Varennes (1791) Primary Sources. Whatever public affection the king had enjoyed in early 1791 was shattered by the events of June 20th and 21st. Some went further and insisted the king be put on trial for treason against the constitution. leave the city would be hindered, and would tend to make their situation even more He immediately resumed his state of representation. On the night of 20 June 1791 a portly middle-aged man, dressed inconspicuously in brown, with a dark green overcoat and his hair covered by a grey wig, walked out of the Tuileries palace past the guards. 4. him. The flight to Varennes refers to a failed attempt by King Louis XVI and his family to escape from revolutionary Paris in June 1791. Bookstore. saloon-keepers, brigands, and criminals of the lowest class, men, in short, whom it would Another factor in Louis’ decision to flee Paris was his devout religious faith. Since the events unfolded, the entire chapter has become known as the ‘Flight to Varennes’. In May 1791, Fersen devised a complicated escape plan that involved leaving the Tuileries through unguarded doors, changes of clothing, false passports, bodyguards, a taxi carriage through the backstreets of Paris and a planned exchange of carriages on the city’s outskirts. The Flight to Varennes was a daring and almost successful escape attempt by the royal family. 5. It was as if those around him thought that he had returned home after a few days’ absence. At Varennes, the king was recognised and identified by a local postmaster. Of course, the king and deputies knew what all the words in this It is based on a novel by Catherine Rihoit.It tells the story of a fictional meeting among Restif de la Bretonne, Giacomo Casanova, Thomas Paine and Sophie de la Borde (a lady in waiting to the queen). your king, your religion, your government, and your country, return! The flight to Varennes refers to the royal family's failed attempt to escape Paris in June 1791. You cannot wonder, therefore, that trembling constantly for the lives of her husband and you have your porringer full of soup. Privately, the king refused to attend any Mass given by a constitutional priest, believing this might endanger his immortal soul. Publication date 1892 Topics History Publisher London : Swan, Sonnenschein & co. Collection cdl; americana Digitizing sponsor MSN Contributor University of California Libraries Language English. The Paris sections and radical journalists demanded the immediate abolition of the monarchy and the creation of a republic. By early 1791, Mirabeau was advising Louis to relocate to Rouen or some other provincial capital; once there he could rally support, appeal to the people and lead a national revolution, free of the dark influences in Paris. trouble were deeply scorned by the mob, the rabble now proudly termed themselves the "men stead. call Marie Antoinette "Madam Veto," in addition to the other horrid names they had already The plan to flee Paris in June 1791 was largely concocted by Alex von Fersen, a Swedish aristocrat, military leader and diplomat. Once underway, the king’s entourage was forced to take a longer route out of Paris than originally planned. The Flight to Varennes, June 20, 1791: The Flight to Varennes served as a major journee because it showed the National Assembly as well as the French people, that Louis XVI could no longer be trusted. Bourgeois dreams of a harmonious constitutional monarchy were shattered; the progress made since 1789 appeared to have been lost. So he sprang on a horse, and, by Henri Grégoire on the flight to Varennes (1791) of emotion flow from the eyes of all present. In the end, Marie Antoinette was left languishing in the Conciergerie, while Louis XVI was seen as a coward and traitor to both the people of France, and to … that night, and haunted by the desire to supply the necessary song, sat up all night, It king says to you, 'Pour out that soup,' and you have to pour it out! Outside Paris, the king and his family would meet a platoon of Hussars and make their way to Montmedy, a fortress in north-eastern France manned by loyal soldiers. The flight to Varennes refers to the royal family's failed attempt to escape Paris in June 1791. immediately declared, and troops hastily dispatched to the northeastern frontier, the most Key event of the Flight to Varennes -June 20th - the king, queen, two kids and governess left Tuileries in a hired carriage delayed when the Queen almost bumped into Lafayette which set them back 30 mins -Switched coaches just after leaving the city, switched horses -Their coach hit a post and they were delayed even further to fit the broken wheel The plan, hatched by Count Axel von Fersen and supported by Marie Antoinette, was to travel by coach to Montmedy, a fortress near the German border garrisoned by royalist troops. The Flight to Varennes (21–23 June 1791) Description After a late start, the royal family followed a circuitous route through a series of small towns in the countryside. constitution, which gave the lawmaking power to an elective Legislative Assembly, and left At the Estates-General two years earlier, Mirabeau had seemed an arch-radical, defiantly proclaiming that the National Assembly would only disperse at the point of bayonets. By the summer of 1791 the royal family had been living in the Tuileries in the heart of Paris for almost two years. The flight to Varennes describes the royal family’s failed attempt to escape their house arrest in Paris in June 1791. their march to Paris, thus popularizing the new tune, which every one then thought had For the past 12 nights the Chevalier de Coigny, dressed in a … This event was a turning point in the revolution because it exposed the untrustworthiness of the king and the unworkability of the newly devised constitution. originated in the great southern It was an attempted escape by the Royal Family to reach Austria. If the monarchy fell, Mirabeau believed, the revolution would collapse into leaderless anarchy. Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Steve Thompson Unfortunately, far too elaborate preparations were made for this venture, so that the make room for the new Legislative Assembly, to which, by a strange provision, none of the What is Louis XVI furniture style? word of complaint, but kept the six-year-old prince quiet by gently him shall be hanged." Publisher: Alpha History They were located and detained the following day and returned to the capital. Flight to Varennes: Featured in Macworld - one of the best history sites on the web. down with the veto!". Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. the fact that it was wonderful in any way until he sang it the next day to the mayor,—one of whose daughters played the accompaniment for him,—and saw tears the window, and was recognized by the well-known features stamped on every coin in his Yet again, the new regime was faced with the challenge of reinventing national government. the king, who naturally felt anxious, stuck his head out of children, the queen kept urging her brother to help them, and implored the French nobles Mirabeau’s political vision for France, however, was fundamentally conservative. Roundtrip prices range from $307 - $307, and one-ways to Varennes-Jarcy start as low as $164. Flight to Varennes. they do not understand, and the following dialogue, overheard between two peasants, them from Versailles the year before. return to his capital with their aid and dictate terms instead of having them forced upon For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. He was not aware of It seemed as if the king had merely returned from a hunting expedition, and everyone was assisting him with his toilet. There had been hardly any republicanism in 1789, and what there was had abated once the king was back in Paris and accepting all the Assembly sent to him. composing the words and tune of what was to be a famous national song. 2. center of the storm, and join the émigrés and the armies they were raising, so as to The Flight to Varennes The king's brothers and the principal Royalists strongly advised the king to leave Paris, the center of the storm, and join the émigrés and the armies they were raising, so as to return to his capital with their aid and dictate terms instead of having them forced upon him. The royal family was returned to Paris and reinstalled at the Tuileries Palace, this time under a more visible guard. This excerpt from La Révolution française (1989) depicts the flight to Varennes, the royal family's ill fated attempt to escape the revolution in June 1791. face of the foe. managed to escape, and that the queen's hairdresser had safely crossed the frontier with This Legislative Assembly remained in power nearly twelve months. start was not made until six weeks after the decision was reached. relay station, had no chance to stop the fugitives there. being suited to the new constitution. the king disapproved the ccc marie-antoinette advised against the constitutional monarchy breteuil and calonne advised to leave and come back with austrian forces to crush the revolution The Flight to Varennes occurred in June of 1791. On reentering their palace, where they were now openly guarded like Marie Antoinette left the Tuileries as planned but spent several minutes wandering lost in the streets outside, before eventually locating her carriage. have been far wiser to clap in prison. return!". They were intercepted by supporters of the revolution in Varennes on the evening of 21 June. when was the flight to Varennes? The Assembly responds to the flight to Varennes (1791) allowed to continue, these sullen people would not let him go, declaring they had sent a 3. all rights,—as well as of the titles "Sire" and "Your Majesty,"—caused a great One was the advice of Honore Mirabeau. The escape was planned over the preceding month by Count Axel von Fersen, a Swedish general and favourite of Marie Antoinette, who planned to sneak the royal family out of Paris to the loyalist stronghold at Montmedy, in north-eastern France. carters' frocks coming down to their knees,—the latter garment being even the only Throughout those long hours of anxiety and martyrdom, Marie Antoinette never uttered one This remark was overheard by Rouget de l'Isle, one of the guests, who, unable to sleep The mayor immediately had some copies of French port. great pity there were now no patriotic songs for the soldiers to sing, the old ones not stole out of the palace in small detachments, to join the great traveling coach which had themselves to help Louis XVI. One of her messages was, "If you love The Flight to Varennes: Revolutionary Tradition and Les Mis Revolution 1789 People--The Monarchy--Desmoulins--Robespierre--Danton--Marat--Jacobins--Sans-culottes--Napoleon Events--Tennis Court Oath--Fall of the Bastille--October Days--Varennes--Declaration of War--Palace Invaded--Louis XVI Its primary focus is on Marie Antoinette and her friendship or (more likely) love affair with Swedish Count Axel Fersen, a movie-star handsome nobleman who met her early in both their lives and who planned and carried out much of the infamous Escape to Varennes. constitutional monarchy, others of a republic, and as some were even what we should now The king's brothers and the principal Royalists strongly advised the king to leave Paris, the The king was arrested at 11pm on June 21st and dispatched back to Paris at 7am the following morning. The various 15 July 1791: the King declared inviolable. Even at full speed, such a journey would take an entire day and require around 20 stops for fresh horses. who could afford the knee breeches so fashionable in those days, because such garments Did You Know? the apprehension of Louis XVI at Varennes. those days, the great traveling carriage lumbered slowly on; still, all went well until The plan from the Royal family was originally to launch a counter-revolution from Austria. especially by the word "veto." Appalled by the growing radicalism of the revolution, particularly its attempts to regulate and control the church, Louis XVI agreed to abscond from the city. The king had attempted to flee the revolution and could no longer be trusted. URL: https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/flight-to-varennes/ As some of its members were in favor of a Flight to Varennes. Seeking to avoid this, the king and his family planned to leave Paris on April 18th and spend Easter at their summer house at Saint-Cloud. His Majesty was treated, as Pétion noted, like nothing had happened: “After a few minutes, we moved [to] the king’s apartments. Antoinette. De Bouille on his role in the flight to Varennes (1791) The royal family’s escape attempt encountered several delays that put them hours behind schedule and contributed to their eventual discovery and arrest. indicates the general belief among the mob:—, "Ah, well! to do their duty and come and defend their king. The dusty procession reached Paris at last, where they were received with dead silence, Instead, he regularly attended Mass at a small chapel in the Louvre, where the service was performed by refractory or non-juring priests. Despite a series of blunders, the royal entourage escaped Paris and travelled to within 30 kilometres of its goal. Excerpt from The Flight to Varennes After the arrest of the Royal family, the chief actors in the flight were sent for trial to Orleans. 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Journey and reached Sainte-Menehould, around 50 miles ( 80 kilometres ) your country, return ranking officials! Hustled back to Paris under guard 1770s, had become a favourite of Marie Antoinette Varennes-Jarcy!
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