Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man.

Mac Bethad mac Findláich or MacBeth as he is known in English, the Mormaer of Moray, claimed the throne on his own behalf and that of his wife Grauch, and after the death of Duncan made himself king in his place.

Duncan became King of Scotland upon the death of Malcolm in 1034. He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespeare's play Macbeth. His language is formal and his speeches full of grace and graciousness, whether on the battlefield in Act I, Scene 2, where his talk concerns matters of honor, or when greeting his kind hostess Lady Macbeth in Act I, Scene 6. He is somewhat too trusting, and will be betrayed twice by Thanes of Cawdor he trusted in the space of a very few days. He tries to assassinate Macbeth by poisoning and then when this fails, attacks his home with an army. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. out, I say!--One: two: why, "Wash your hands, put on your nightgown; look not so pale.--I tell you yet again, Banquo's buried; he cannot come out on's grave" (5.1.62-64), "Cousins, I hope the days are near at hand / That chambers will be safe,". Macbeth’s victory in 1045 over a rebel army, near Dunkeld (in the modern region of Perth and Kinross), may account for the later references (in Shakespeare and others) to Birnam Wood, for the village of Birnam is near Dunkeld.

The unconscious irony is sharp when he greets Macbeth, who is already plotting against him, with a declaration of his own ingratitude, in 1.4.14–16. However, Macbeth's action was an ordinary political manoeuvre in 11th century Scotland; King Malcolm II took the throne previously by murdering his cousin, Kenneth III (997–1005).

Macbeth was buried on the island of Iona, regarded as the resting place of lawful kings but not of usurpers.

His cousin MacBeth, chief of the northern Scots, also had a claim to the throne through his mother.

Shakespeare would have gained approval for a Scottish play from the new King. The historical Duncan was a much younger man than Shakespeare's character, only a few years older than Macbeth.

Javier Ronceros performed the role in Dogg's Hamlet, Cahoot's Macbeth (2005) and John Little in Macbeth: The Comedy (2001). King Duncan comes to stay at Macbeth’s castle. In the historical novel Macbeth the King (1978) by Nigel Tranter, Duncan is portrayed as a schemer who is fearful of Macbeth as a possible rival for the throne.

In the play MacBeth dies at Dunsinane whereas in reality it was at Lumphanan where he was defeated and killed in 1057. Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth that she has got the King’s guards drunk.

This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Macbeth-king-of-Scots, Historic UK - Duncan and Macbeth - Kings of Scotland, The Ohio State University - MacBeth MacFindlaech, Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of Macbeth, Macbeth - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). He led a disastrous campaign into Northumbria and was forced to retreat ignominiously back to Scotland. He promises to improve the fortunes of his victorious generals Banquo and Macbeth just before announcing Malcolm as his heir. He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespeare's play Macbeth. The king of Scotland should be a figurehead of order and orderliness, and Duncan is the epitome, or supreme example, of this.

Both Duncan and Macbeth derived their rights to the crown through their mothers. Macbeth, (died August 15, 1057, near Lumphanan, Aberdeen [now in Aberdeenshire], Scotland), king of Scots from 1040, the legend of whose life was the basis of Shakespeare’s Macbeth.He was probably a grandson of King Kenneth II (reigned 971–995), and he married Gruoch, a descendant of King Kenneth III (reigned 997–1005). Shakespeare’s Macbeth has virtually no legitimate claim to the throne whereas the real MacBeth had a respectable claim through his mother’s side – indeed both MacBeth and his wife were descended from Kenneth MacAlpin.

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