In 1846 he owned a family of four slaves in Texas. As the Confederate army retreated back to Corinth, Johnston's body was taken to the home of Colonel William Inge, which had been his headquarters in Corinth. Then, realizing he had embarrassed the man, he picked up a tin cup off a table and announced, "Let this be my share of the spoils today," before directing his army onward. He was named Adjutant General as a colonel in the Republic of Texas Army on August 5, 1836. ', "CMH Remembers the Battle of Shiloh | CMH", "Los Angeles Star, vol. [76][77][78] The fall of the forts exposed Nashville to imminent attack, and it fell without resistance to Union forces under Brig. Gen. Felix Zollicoffer with 4,000 men to occupy Cumberland Gap in Kentucky in order to block Union troops from coming into eastern Tennessee. Albert S. Johnston, Jr. was later killed in an accidental explosion on a steamer ship while on liberty, in 1863. [102], Harris and the other officers wrapped General Johnston's body in a blanket so as not to damage the troops' morale with the sight of the dead general. A sixth child was born later when the family lived in Los Angeles, where they had permanently settled. Albert Jr. was killed in the accident.[109]. He was able to quickly move up the ranks because of his prior military experience. [11], Soon, Johnston enlisted in the Los Angeles Mounted Rifles as a private, leaving Warner's Ranch May 27. In 1863, after taking home leave in Los Angeles, Albert Jr. was on his way out of San Pedro harbor on a ferry. Marker Text: Kentucky native Albert Sidney Johnston graduated from the U. S. Military Academy at West Point in 1826. Like many regular army officers from the South, he was opposed to secession. [34] While Crittenden was away in Richmond, Zollicoffer moved his forces to the north bank of the upper Cumberland River near Mill Springs (now Nancy, Kentucky), putting the river to his back and his forces into a trap. [38] As the battle progressed, Zollicoffer was killed, Crittenden was unable to lead the Confederate force (he may have been intoxicated), and the Confederates were turned back and routed by a Union bayonet charge, suffering 533 casualties from their force of 4,000. [95][96][97][98][99], Johnston launched a massive surprise attack with his concentrated forces against Grant at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6, 1862. On December 22, 1838, Mirabeau B. Lamar, the second president of the Republic of Texas, appointed Johnston as Secretary of War. Johnston and his wounded horse, Fire Eater, were taken to his field headquarters on the Corinth road, where his body remained in his tent for the remainder of the battle. [60][62][63] Johnston knew he could be trapped at Bowling Green if Fort Donelson fell, so he moved his force to Nashville, the capital of Tennessee and an increasingly important Confederate industrial center, beginning on February 11, 1862. Dupuy, Trevor N., Curt Johnson, and David L. Bongard. [4] The senior Johnston resigned his commission in 1834 in order to care for his dying wife in Kentucky, who succumbed two years later to tuberculosis.[1]. [2] He served in that role for more than five years, making six tours, and traveling more than 4,000 miles (6,400 km) annually on the Indian frontier of Texas. In 1836 Johnston moved to Texas. Albert Sidney Johnston was born on February 2, 1803, in Washington, Kentucky, to John Johnston and Abigail (Harris) Johnston. Sherman overestimated Johnston's forces, and had to be relieved by Brig. [48][51], To prevent Polk from dissipating his forces by allowing some men to join a partisan group, Johnston ordered him to send Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant attacked the fort. His father was a native of Salisbury, Connecticut. Johnston was survived by his wife Eliza and six children. It is believed that Johnston may have lived for as long as one hour after receiving his fatal wound. This army was sent to install Alfred Cummings as governor of the Utah territory, in place of Brigham Young. [25] After his appointment, Johnston immediately headed for his new territory. "[94] His army was finally in position within a mile or two of Grant's force, and undetected, by the evening of April 5, 1862. The appointment had been backdated to rank from May 30, 1861, making him the second highest ranking general in the Confederate States Army. Although Albert Johnston was born in Kentucky, he lived much of his life in Texas, which he considered his home. [111] Forty years later, the state appointed Elisabet Ney to design a monument and sculpture of him to be erected at the grave site, installed in 1905.[112]. [29] Johnston's tactics had so annoyed and confused Union Brig. While a steamer was taking on passengers from the ferry, a wave swamped the smaller boat, causing its boilers to explode. He served on the Texas frontier at Fort Mason and elsewhere in the West. [100] As the Confederate forces overran the Union camps, Johnston personally rallied troops up and down the line on his horse. [58][59] On February 6, 1862, Union Navy gunboats quickly reduced the defenses of ill-sited Fort Henry, inflicting 21 casualties on the small remaining Confederate force. In 1826, Johnston graduated from West Point … He also assigned him Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard, who was supposed to attract recruits because of his victories early in the war, and act as a competent subordinate for Johnston. [8] Upon moving to California, Johnston sold one slave to his son and freed another on the condition of a $12/month contract for five more years of servitude. Like the other Confederate commander, he had to withdraw to the south after the fall of the forts or be surrounded by the advancing Union forces. [92][93] Due to the delays, as well as several contacts with the enemy, Johnston's second in command, P. G. T. Beauregard, felt the element of surprise had been lost and recommended calling off the attack. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in Kentucky that he became paranoid and mentally unstable. Archibald Johnston Husband of Abigail Johnston Father of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, (CSA) Occupation: Doctor: Managed by: Private User Last Updated: today: View Complete Profile. Albert Sidney Johnston was the highest ranking general to ever be killed in battle during the Civil War. [23][24] Johnston's appointment as a full general by his friend and admirer Jefferson Davis already had been confirmed by the Confederate Senate on August 31, 1861. [28] Of these, 10,000 were in Missouri under Missouri State Guard Maj. Gen. Sterling Price. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, fighting actions in the Black Hawk War, the Texas War of Independence, the Mexican–American War, the Utah War, and the American Civil War. [35][36] Zollicoffer decided it was impossible to obey orders to return to the other side of the river because of scarcity of transport and proximity of Union troops. Weigley, p. 111. [102], Within a few minutes, Johnston was observed by his staff to be nearly fainting. Johnston came to Texas in July 1836 and enlisted in the Republic army. [48][51], To prevent Polk from dissipating his forces by allowing some men to join a partisan group, Johnston ordered him to send Brig. Johnston was born in Washington, Kentucky, the youngest son of Dr. John and Abigail (Harris) Johnston. In 1866, a joint resolution of the Texas Legislature was passed to have his body moved and reinterred at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. [41], After the Confederate defeat at the Mill Springs, Davis sent Johnston a brigade and a few other scattered reinforcements. Considering staying in California with his wife and five children, Johnston remained there until May. This page was last edited on 15 May 2021, at 11:58. 26–34. [60][61] Brig. Educated locally through his younger years, Johnston enrolled at Transylvania University in the 1820s. [51] Johnston wanted Major Alexander P. Stewart to command the forts but President Davis appointed Brig. [12] He participated in their trek across the southwestern deserts to Texas, crossing the Colorado River into the Confederate Territory of Arizona on July 4, 1861. In 1829 he married Henrietta Preston, sister of Kentucky politician and future Civil War general William Preston. [51] After Johnston asserted his authority, Polk had to allow Dixon to proceed. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant attacked the fort. Johnston was unrelated to Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston. "[94] His army was finally in position within a mile or two of Grant's force, and undetected, by the evening of April 5, 1862. He was the son and biographer of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. Johnston counted future Confederate President Jefferson Davis as one of his close friends while at the military academy. [87] Johnston started his army in motion on April 3, 1862, intent on surprising Grant's force as soon as the next day, but they moved slowly due to their inexperience, bad roads, and lack of adequate staff planning. [86] Bragg at least calmed the nerves of Beauregard and Polk, who had become agitated by their apparent dire situation in the face of numerically superior forces, before Johnston's arrival on March 24, 1862. [2] In 1843, he married Eliza Griffin, his late wife's first cousin. [29] Johnston's tactics had so annoyed and confused Union Brig. He was the highest-ranking soldier on either side to … After the army wintered at Fort Bridger, Wyoming, a peaceful resolution was reached and in late June 1858 Johnston led the army through Salt Lake city without incident to establish Camp Floyd some 50 miles distant. He took command at Fort Donelson as the senior general present just before Union Brig. It was accepted by the War Department on May 6, 1861, effective May 3. [79] With Beauregard's help,[83] Johnston decided to concentrate forces with those formerly under Polk and now already under Beauregard's command at the strategically located railroad crossroads of Corinth, Mississippi, which he reached by a circuitous route. On August 21, 2017, as part of the wave of confederate monument removals in America, Johnston's statue was taken down. [60][61] Brig. The latter had initially been in command in Tennessee as that State's top general. [79][80][81], Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off. His father was a native of Salisbury, Connecticut. [58][59] On February 6, 1862, Union Navy gunboats quickly reduced the defenses of ill-sited Fort Henry, inflicting 21 casualties on the small remaining Confederate force. [14] In the summer of 1861, Davis appointed several generals to defend Confederate lines from the Mississippi River east to the Allegheny Mountains. Weigley, p. 111. Join Facebook to connect with Albert Sidney Johnston and others you may know. Here they raised Johnston's two children from his first marriage and the first three children born to Eliza and him. 33, December 20, 1862", "See ya, Stonewall: Dallas ISD begins to remove Confederate leaders' names from 4 schools", Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography, University of Texas at Arlington Libraries Special Collections, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Sidney_Johnston&oldid=1023264488, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 -April 6, 1862) B R A Z O R I A C O U N T Y. Marker No: 9568. Shortly afterwards the two moved back to Texas and settled at the China Grove Plantation in Brazoria County. 273–76; Smith, pp. Only Adjutant General and Inspector General Samuel Cooper ranked ahead of him. [8] Upon moving to California, Johnston sold one slave to his son and freed another on the condition of a $12/month contract for five more years of servitude. The bullet clipped a part of his popliteal artery and his boot filled up with blood. Johnston lebte die längste Zeit seines Lebens in Texas, das er, obwohl in Kentucky geboren, als seine Heimat ansah. While a steamer was taking on passengers from the ferry, a wave swamped the smaller boat, causing its boilers to explode. [23][24] Johnston's appointment as a full general by his friend and admirer Jefferson Davis already had been confirmed by the Confederate Senate on August 31, 1861. [74], Johnston, who had little choice in allowing Floyd and Pillow to take charge at Fort Donelson on the basis of seniority after he ordered them to add their forces to the garrison, took the blame and suffered calls for his removal because a full explanation to the press and public would have exposed the weakness of the Confederate position. Infantry.[3]. Considered by Confederate States President Jefferson Davis to be the finest general officer in the Confederacy before the later emergence of Robert E. Lee, he was killed early in the Civil War at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6, 1862. A month later he was appointed … [17] Their impolitic occupation of Columbus, Kentucky, on September 3, 1861, two days before Johnston arrived in the Confederacy's capital of Richmond, Virginia, after his cross-country journey, drove Kentucky from its stated neutrality. [105], Johnston was the highest-ranking fatality of the war on either side,[3][106] and his death was a strong blow to the morale of the Confederacy. [105], Johnston was the highest-ranking fatality of the war on either side,[3][106] and his death was a strong blow to the morale of the Confederacy. [86] Bragg at least calmed the nerves of Beauregard and Polk, who had become agitated by their apparent dire situation in the face of numerically superior forces, before Johnston's arrival on March 24, 1862. 2, arrived in Nashville. The couple moved to Texas, where they settled on a large plantation in Brazoria County. After some preliminary work with Johnston, Beauregard assumed command of this force, which he named the Army of the Mississippi, on March 5, 1862, while at Jackson, Tennessee. In 1837 Albert Johnston had a duel with General Felix Huston and was wounded. [103], It is possible that a Confederate soldier fired the fatal round, as many Confederates were firing at the Union lines while Johnston charged well in advance of his soldiers. The Kentucky legislature had voted to side with the Union after the occupation of Columbus by Polk. [110] Johnston Street, Hancock Street, and Griffin Avenue, each in northeast Los Angeles, are named after the general and his family, who lived in the neighborhood. Johnston was initially buried in New Orleans. [26] He was permitted to call on governors of Arkansas, Tennessee and Mississippi for new troops, although this authority was largely stifled by politics, especially with respect to Mississippi. He spent 1860 in Kentucky until December 21, when he sailed for California to take command of the Department of the Pacific. [15], The most sensitive, and in many ways the most crucial areas, along the Mississippi River and in western Tennessee along the Tennessee and the Cumberland rivers[16] were placed under the command of Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk and Brig. It was covered in the Confederate flag and lay in state for several hours. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow. Dupuy, Trevor N., Curt Johnson, and David L. Bongard. He was first educated at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, where he met fellow student Jefferson Davis. Three additional elementary schools named for confederate veterans were renamed at the same time. Plans were announced to add it to the Briscoe Center for American History on the east side of the university campus. [107], Johnston was survived by his wife Eliza and six children. He received a brevet promotion to brigadier general in 1857 for his service in Utah. Gen. Gideon Pillow and 5,000 men to Fort Donelson. After Johnston took command, Polk at first refused to comply with Johnston's order to send an engineer, Lt. Joseph K. Dixon, to inspect the forts. Gen. John B. Floyd, considered incompetent. They had one son, William Preston Johnston, who became a colonel in the Confederate States Army. [85] This delay allowed Jefferson Davis finally to send reinforcements from the garrisons of coastal cities and another highly rated but prickly general, Braxton Bragg, to help organize the western forces. Johnston was unrelated to Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston. On January 31, 1837, he became senior brigadier general in command of the Texas Army. [101], At about 2:30 pm, while leading one of those charges against a Union camp near the "Peach Orchard," he was wounded, taking a bullet behind his right knee. However, in his Memoirs Sherman strongly refutes this account. On February 5, 1837, he fought in a duel with Texas Brig. [92][93] Due to the delays, as well as several contacts with the enemy, Johnston's second in command, P. G. T. Beauregard, felt the element of surprise had been lost and recommended calling off the attack. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1826. "[7] In 1856, he called abolitionism "fanatical, idolotrous, negro worshipping" in a letter to his son. Seeing Johnston slumping in his saddle and his face turning deathly pale, Harris asked: "General, are you wounded?" Long, p. 178. They had one son, William Preston Johnston, who became a colonel in the Confederate States Army. Union officers heard that he was bringing 15 regiments with him, but this was an exaggeration of his forces. [45][46] Even before Johnston arrived in Tennessee, construction of two forts had been started to defend the Tennessee and the Cumberland rivers, which provided avenues into the State from the north. A Confederate battery and the beginning of some fortifications were sited across the river at. [43] Historians believe the assignment of Beauregard to the west stimulated Union commanders to attack the forts before Beauregard could make a difference in the theater. [26] He was permitted to call on governors of Arkansas, Tennessee and Mississippi for new troops, although this authority was largely stifled by politics, especially with respect to Mississippi. He also assigned him Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard, who was supposed to attract recruits because of his victories early in the war, and act as a competent subordinate for Johnston. A sixth child was born later when the family lived in Los Angeles, where they had permanently settled. A sixth child was born in the family home at Los Angeles, where his eldest son, Capt. It is believed that Johnston may have lived for as long as one hour after receiving his fatal wound. [6] In 1855, he sold a slave for $1,000 and called this slave's tenure "a lifetime of kind treatment. His battlefield death was considered an irreparable loss by the South. Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texian Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. The Texas Historical Commission has erected a historical marker near the entrance of what was once Johnston's plantation. He saw extensive combat during his military career, fighting actions in the Texas War of Independence, the Mexican-American War, the Utah War, as well as the American Civil War. Johnston glanced down at his leg wound, then faced Harris and replied in a weak voice his last words: "Yes... and I fear seriously." [18][19] The majority of Kentuckians allied with the Union camp. A few minutes later, before a doctor could be found, Johnston died from blood loss. Gen. Buell on February 25, 1862, two days after Johnston had to pull his forces out in order to avoid having them captured as well. Johnston was shot through the hip and severely wounded, requiring him to relinquish his post during his recovery.[5]. [17] Their impolitic occupation of Columbus, Kentucky, on September 3, 1861, two days before Johnston arrived in the Confederacy's capital of Richmond, Virginia, after his cross-country journey, drove Kentucky from its stated neutrality. Here they raised Johnston's two children from his first marriage and the first three children born to Eliza and him. Albert Sidney Johnston was born in Kentucky in 1803, the son of a practicing doctor who originally hailed from New England. Johnston is the only four-star (full) American general ever killed in battle. [28] Johnston did not quickly gain many recruits when he first requested them from the governors, but his more serious problem was lacking sufficient arms and ammunition for the troops he already had. [47], Maj. Gen. Polk ignored the problems of the forts when he took command. Despite these Yankee roots, Johnston would become a thoroughly southern man. Davis defended Johnston, saying: "If Sidney Johnston is not a general, we had better give up the war, for we have no general." [104] Alonzo Ridley of Los Angeles commanded the bodyguard “the Guides” of Gen. A. S. Johnston, and was by his side when he fell. Considering staying in California with his wife and five children, Johnston remained there until May. ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON AT . He received a brevet promotion to brigadier general in 1857 for his service in Utah. He provided for the defense of the Texas border against Mexican invasion, and in 1839 conducted a campaign against Indians in northern Texas. Geographic: 29° 18.81′ N, 95° 27.019′ W. Location: FM 521 right-of-way, Bonney. [28] Of these, 10,000 were in Missouri under Missouri State Guard Maj. Gen. Sterling Price. Gen. Felix Zollicoffer with 4,000 men to occupy Cumberland Gap in Kentucky in order to block Union troops from coming into eastern Tennessee. Johnston Middle School in Houston, Texas was also renamed to Meyerland Middle School. Davis defended Johnston, saying: "If Sidney Johnston is not a general, we had better give up the war, for we have no general." He became commander of the Confederacy's western armies in the area often called the Western Department or Western Military Department. This army was sent to install Alfred Cummings as governor of the Utah territory, in place of Brigham Young. Long, p. 178. [26] By September 18, Johnston had Brig. Albert Sidney Johnston was born in Kentucky in 1803, the son of a practicing doctor who originally hailed from New England. Sword, pp. Gen. 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