Since 2014, more Syrian Shiite fighters were tasked with operating in the zones around Aleppo. The Homs district is home to a large proportion of Syria's Shiites, who inhabit Homs city and a number of border villages with close links to Lebanese Shiite communities tied to Hezbollah. Many of the deaths have been officers, including several high-ranking officers, notably generals. In the civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war, Iran was said to be providing Syria with technical support based on Iran's capabilities developed following the 2009–2010 Iranian election protests. [50] Prior to the Syrian war, Iran had between 2,000 and 3,000 IRGC officers stationed in Syria, helping to train local troops and managing supply routes of arms and money to neighboring Lebanon. [55] It was alleged by the Western media that Iran also trained fighters from Hezbollah, a Shia militant group based in Lebanon. "[61] More anonymous sources were cited by the UN in May 2012, as it claimed arms were moving both ways between Lebanon and Syria, and alleged weapons brought in from Lebanon were being used to arm the opposition. He said Syria was Lebanon’s only land route to the world, so trade would be harmed. 3 Sunni Iranians, 1 General Matyred in Syria. Additionally, these militias have often carried out messaging efforts that dovetail in timing and narrative with Iran's other proxies. Additionally, some Iraqi Shiite fighters and commanders who had been operating in Syria redeployed to Iraq. The reorientation of Syria's pro-Assad Shiite armed groups toward Iran also marks a significant change. None of the rockets hit any targets and Israeli aircraft responded by extensively hitting both Syrian and Iranian military sites in Syria. On January 5, 2016, LAAG announced that after "negotiations" it had joined with Harakat al-Abdal, a longstanding Iranian-linked group in southern Iraq that first publicly announced its own militia following IS's 2014 onslaught in Iraq. The area, where the town of al-Qusayr is located, also hosted the first major battle involving forces from Lebanese Hezbollah in spring 2013. [39], The Wall Street Journal reported on 2 October 2015 that Iran's Revolutionary Guard (the IRGC) has had some 7,000 IRGC members and Iranian paramilitary volunteers operating in Syria and was planning to expand its presence in the country through local fighters and proxies. [79][80][81], Key victories were achieved with substantial support provided by the Quds force, namely the al-Ghab plains battles, Aleppo offensives, Dara'aya offensives of 2015 and the al-Qusayr offensives which established government and Hezbollah control over the northern Qalamoun region and the border crossings from Lebanon to Syria.

To demonstrate its transnational status, following the Islamic State's (IS's) June 2014 conquest of Mosul, Liwa Dhulfiqar added "al-Mudafaan al-Muqaddasat fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham" (Defender of Holy Sites in Iraq and the Levant) to its name. By October 2018, Iranian drones had launched over 700 strikes on Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant forces alone. [83][85], In mid-September 2015, the first reports of new detachments from the Iranian revolutionary guards arriving in Tartus and Latakia in west Syria were made. Tehran: 2,100 Iranian soldiers killed in Syria and Iraq, "IRAN: Another IRGC commander killed in Syria", "Iran Admits to Conducting 700 Drone Attacks in Syria. [47][48] Officially, the Afghan paramilitaries are part of the independent Liwa Fatemiyoun group, while the Pakistanis are part of the Liwa Zainebiyoun group. [57], The Economist said that Iran had, by February 2012, sent the Syrian government $9 billion to help it withstand Western sanctions. The Washington Institute seeks to advance a balanced and realistic understanding of American interests in the Middle East and to promote the policies that secure them. What’s the deal with the Hunter Biden email controversy?

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