The arc stretches from Mali through Libya, Egypt, Jordan, western Iraq, down the oil coast of the Persian Gulf, and into Saudi Arabia. The ImageSat International images show Camp Falcon south of Baghdad, struck on August 12, Amerli north of Baghdad, struck on July 19, and a PMU base struck on August 20 near Balad. For Israel, this crescent is the gateway to Europe, a chance to tie the knot with a group of like-minded states through the export of a natural resource the Arab states have previously provided, and which Europe desperately needs. Kurdistan (Kurdistan Region) is an autonomous region in Iraq. It also alleged Iran’s influence in Nineveh Plains near Mosul was growing. Currently, stasis prevails because Syria is so much less welcoming of outside intervention than was Libya. It is also the location of a real inter-state border war between Turkey and Iraq, with 500 lives being lost every month (Turkey’s own statistics). This has inspired renewed activity by Turkey’s own alienated Kurdish Worker’s Party, the PKK, which for years has agitated for official linguistic and cultural recognition inside Turkey. Roxane Farmanfarmaian is a lecturer at the University of Cambridge. Fourth, al-Qaeda activity in Iraq and Syria is on the rise, with a spike in suicide bombings in both states. But Turkey has lost its edge since Syria’s eruption. The country's highest point is located there, an unnamed peak rising 11,847 ft (3,611 m). The region is akin to a turning kaleidoscope: same pieces, new designs. More Venezuela-Iran relations: it looks like Conviasa's "Aeroterror" service (a rare A340-200.) An article at Kurdistan24 said a “shadow” war was being fought against Iran’s land bridge, and pointed to a mysterious June 2018 airstrike against a base of the Iraqi Shi’ite Kata’ib Hezbollah in Syria near the Iraqi border. The war in Afghanistan set the course; the newly independent Central Asian states, many of them Muslim, continued the trend. Yet, the United States will inevitably stay in the Middle East. What is more, to Russia, Syria is its near-abroad, and decades-long relations with the old Soviet Union built up a sizeable Russian community inside Syria.

This page was last updated on October 9, 2020, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com, Countries Exporting the Least Food Worldwide, The 10 Largest Rice Importers In The World, The 10 Least Densely Populated Places in the World.

With Damascus focused elsewhere, Syrian Kurdistan has gained a new autonomy, opening the way for its disaffected people to link up with their Iraqi Kurdish brethren. The First Cold War followed, as Soviet Russia and the US (Britain’s maritime successor) contested for influence and power in the Middle East. The country has a short 36 miles (58 km) coastline along the northern end of the Persian Gulf. A November 2017 piece at The Jerusalem Post by Jonathan Spyer noted that “Iran puts finishing touches on its land bridge to the Golan.” The article asserted that Shi’ite militias had crossed the border from Iraq to Syria to fight ISIS near Albukamal.

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