New York: Oxford University Press. Persian is a member of the Western Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. This Modern Persian dialect became the basis of what is now called Contemporary Standard Persian. It is of crucial importance to remember that Afghan Persian is by no means a different language from Iranian Persian and Tajik Persian (Tajik). (Source: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/index.html), National security measure relating to language. Despite the wide range of differences within the population, Iran has only one official language: Persian.The Persian language, also known as Farsi, belongs to the Indo-European language family, and is part of the Indo-Iranian subgroup. Modern Persian grammar is in many ways much simpler than its ancestral forms, having lost most of the inflectional systems of the older varieties of Persian. (اَ), "e" (اِ), "o" (اُ) but elsewhere, it always (omid) – hope, امشب (emšab) - tonight. See also Windfuhr, G. L. 1987. This is a minor point, but دست ‘hand’ in colloquial Afghan Persian is often pronounced as something that sounds like the English word ‘dust’, rather than with a fully open a. Afghan Persian, in many respects, is closer to Iranian Persian than British English is to American English, and separating it from Iranian Persian makes no scientific sense. It is first attested in the inscriptions of Darius I (ruled 522–486 bce), of which the longest, earliest, and most important is that of Bīsitūn. Some speakers will even pronounce خواستن ‘to want’ as khwāstan, although this is also uncommon. http://www.cal.org/resources/discoverlanguages

Although Persian (Farsi) is the predominant and official language of Iran, a number of languages and dialects from three language families— Indo-European, Altaic, and Afro-Asiatic —are spoken. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).

Mozarabic, This is further exaggerated in Azerbaijan, where کردن sounds almost like چردن. Sogdiana itself actually contained a much smaller collection of texts. "Revised proposal to encode the Sogdian script in Unicode", https://sogdians.si.edu/sidebars/sogdian-language/, http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/entry?entry=islam_SIM-1131, Introduction to Manichaean Sogdian (Introduction only), Introduction to Manichaean Sogdian (complete text), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sogdian_language&oldid=984643569, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 21 October 2020, at 07:29. ح (he) is also known as ی جیمی (ye-jimi), and ﻩ (he) is also known as ی دوچش (ye-docešma).

Tower of Babel | The local dialect of Arabic spoken in Iran is Khuzestani Arabic, an Iraqi Arabic dialect, but the varieties of Arabic taught across Iran to students in secondary schools, regardless of their ethnic or linguistic background, are Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, the latter a liturgical language of Islam. The shortened version of میتوانم ‘I can’ is mētānom in Afghan Persian (never mītūnam); similarly, میخوانم ‘I read’ is mēkhānom (never mīkhūnam). This said, it is still possible to define the parameters of Afghan Persian phonology which make all the different accents collectively distinct from Iranian Persian based on the educated speech of Tehran. All Rights Reserved Marwari, Although greatly influenced and closely affiliated to Middle and Old Persian, there is no conclusive evidence that it is directly descended from these languages. Those familiar with Iranian Persian must have noticed that when Iranians pronounce the sounds k and g before e, and a, they say them as if there was a little y sound attached to it: kyardan ‘to do’, kyerm ‘worm’, agyar ‘if’, gyerd ‘circle’, etc. The official language of Andorra is Spanish. Possession is shown by addition of a special suffix (called the ezāfeh) to the possessed noun. Chagatai, Between 1928 and 1940 it was written with a version of the Latin alphabet, and before then with the Perso-Arabic alphabet. Although both Pashto and Dari are official languages, Dari has a special social status in the country because of its historical prestige; it is the preferred language for communication among speakers of different linguistic backgrounds. Although the linguistic and ethnic diversity of Afghanistan is as great as, if not more than, that of Iran, the standardisation of spoken Persian in Afghanistan is less than that in Iran. In 2007 the United States has imported $14572 million in goods from these countries, an increase of 1527% since 1985. Direction of writing: right to left in horizontal lines; numerals written from Similarly, the Afghan pronunciation for the colloquial اونجا ‘there’ is اونجه ūnja, with the stress on ū and the a cut short. yek). Oroshor,

Again, this is not a hard and fast rule, as some speakers may pronounce the diphthongs in the Iranian way.

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