To identify the deficiencies of the new alphabet, testing was conducted among speakers from 31 nations, principally by the governments of the United Kingdom and the United States. You've already signed up for some newsletters, but you haven't confirmed your address. In addition to the traditional military usage, civilian industry uses the alphabet to avoid similar problems in the transmission of messages by telephone systems.

Les informations transmises entre un centre de contrôle aérien et un pilote sont capitales dans le domaine de l'aviation civile et militaire. The Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet is used by the International Civil Aviation Organization for international aircraft communications.[1][18]. [31][8] ICAO's directions to him were that "To be considered, a word must: After further study and modification by each approving body, the revised alphabet was adopted on 1 November 1951, to become effective on 1 April 1952 for civil aviation (but it may not have been adopted by any military). Different agencies assign different stress patterns to Bravo, Hotel, Juliett, November, Papa, X-ray; the ICAO has different stresses for Bravo, Juliett, X-ray in its respelled and IPA transcriptions.

NATO was in the process of adopting the ICAO spelling alphabet, and apparently felt enough urgency that it adopted the proposed new alphabet with changes based on NATO's own research, to become effective on 1 January 1956,[32] but quickly issued a new directive on 1 March 1956[33] adopting the now official ICAO spelling alphabet, which had changed by one word (November) from NATO's earlier request to ICAO to modify a few words based on U.S. Air Force research.

Most major airlines use the alphabet to communicate passenger name records (PNRs) internally, and in some cases, with customers. [16], Problems were soon found with this list. You can change your preferences any time in your Privacy Settings. It has been used often by information technology workers to communicate serial or reference codes (which are often very long) or other specialised information by voice. Have good radio transmission and readability characteristics. The phonetic alphabet is not only used by the military but also by pilots air traffic controllers and customer service agents within the airlines. Prior to World War I and the development and widespread adoption of two-way radio that supported voice, telephone spelling alphabets were developed to improve communication on low-quality and long-distance telephone circuits. The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO phonetic alphabet or the ICAO phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used radiotelephone spelling alphabet. The ICAO specifically mentions that all syllables in these words are to be equally stressed (§5.2.1.4.3 note). Written 'nine' in the examples, but pronunciation given as 'niner', CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, International Civil Aviation Organization, Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, International Telecommunication Union, Radio, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Allied military phonetic spelling alphabets, "SGM-675-55: Phonetic Alphabet for NATO Use", "Joint Publication 1-02: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms", "Where does the term "Bravo Zulu" originate? Alfa is spelled with an f as it is in most European languages because the English and French spelling alpha would not be pronounced properly by native speakers of some other languages – who may not know that ph should be pronounced as f.  Juliett is spelled with a tt for French speakers, because they may otherwise treat a single final t as silent. Some users believed that they were so severe that they reverted to the old "Able Baker" alphabet. The digit 3 is specified as tree so that it is not pronounced sri; the long pronunciation of 4 (still found in some English dialects) keeps it somewhat distinct from for; 5 is pronounced with a second "f" because the normal pronunciation with a "v" is easily confused with "fire" (a command to shoot); and 9 has an extra syllable to keep it distinct from German nein 'no'.[15]. The unusual pronunciation of certain numbers was designed to reduce confusion as well. Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. Evidently a formatting error with the boldface. [17] However, as of 2002, the IMO's GMDSS procedures permit the use of the ICAO numeral pronunciation.[17]. Tips for Learning the Phonetic Alphabet. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions.

Un alphabet spécifique a donc été mis au point et permet de différencier de manière précise la lettre de l’alphabet utilisée.

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