[55] Since silver is more reactive than gold, supplies of native silver were much more limited than those of gold. Silver and its alloys are used in cranial surgery to replace bone, and silver–tin–mercury amalgams are used in dentistry. Many non-stoichiometric selenides and tellurides are known; in particular, AgTe~3 is a low-temperature superconductor.

[101], Silver is very important in electronics for conductors and electrodes on account of its high electrical conductivity even when tarnished. [95], Because pure silver is very soft, most silver used for these purposes is alloyed with copper, with finenesses of 925/1000, 835/1000, and 800/1000 being common. In the gas phase, glycol yields glyoxal and ethanol yields acetaldehyde, while organic amines are dehydrated to nitriles.

The medieval economy had suffered from a chronic shortage of precious metals. [25], The three main forms of deterioration in historical silver artifacts are tarnishing, formation of silver chloride due to long-term immersion in salt water, as well as reaction with nitrate ions or oxygen.

Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). ), Metalle der Macht – Frühes Gold und Silber. Pernicka, E., Rehren, Th., Schmitt-Strecker, S. 1998. [10], Silver has a brilliant white metallic luster that can take a high polish,[11] and which is so characteristic that the name of the metal itself has become a colour name.

Historically, a major use of silver has been monetary, in the form of reserves of silver bullion and in coins.

[27] Due to its full d-subshell, silver in its main +1 oxidation state exhibits relatively few properties of the transition metals proper from groups 4 to 10, forming rather unstable organometallic compounds, forming linear complexes showing very low coordination numbers like 2, and forming an amphoteric oxide[28] as well as Zintl phases like the post-transition metals.

[57], Central Europe became the centre of silver production during the Middle Ages, as the Mediterranean deposits exploited by the ancient civilisations had been exhausted. Silver metal is used in many bullion coins, sometimes alongside gold:[4] while it is more abundant than gold, it is much less abundant as a native metal. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by the ancient alchemists, who believed that silver was associated with the moon.

Because of its comparative scarcity, brilliant white colour, malleability, ductility, and resistance to atmospheric oxidation, silver has long been used in the manufacture of coins, ornaments, and jewelry. The precipitation of copper in ancient silver can be used to date artifacts, as copper is nearly always a constituent of silver alloys. 2008. Zinc-silver alloys with low zinc concentration may be considered as face-centred cubic solid solutions of zinc in silver, as the structure of the silver is largely unchanged while the electron concentration rises as more zinc is added.

color selection, dark-blue, gray-blue, heavenly, light blue, monochrome blue color palette, monochrome color palette, pale blue, pastel blue, shades of blue, silver, silver blue, White Color Palettes. Silver (Ag), chemical element, a white lustrous metal valued for its decorative beauty and electrical conductivity. Its compounds are used in photographic and X-ray film.

***Detail does not add to total given because of rounding.

[citation needed], In medicine, silver is incorporated into wound dressings and used as an antibiotic coating in medical devices. This almost equal abundance is rare in the periodic table.

[82], The earliest known coins were minted in the kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor around 600 BC.

"[65], In the 19th century, primary production of silver moved to North America, particularly Canada, Mexico, and Nevada in the United States: some secondary production from lead and zinc ores also took place in Europe, and deposits in Siberia and the Russian Far East as well as in Australia were mined. [9] Unlike metals with incomplete d-shells, metallic bonds in silver are lacking a covalent character and are relatively weak.

These compounds are used in photography to bleach silver images, converting them to silver bromide that can either be fixed with thiosulfate or redeveloped to intensify the original image. [37], White silver nitrate, AgNO3, is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, especially the halides, and is much less sensitive to light.

The major use of silver besides coinage throughout most of history was in the manufacture of jewellery and other general-use items, and this continues to be a major use today. [57] In the Americas, high temperature silver-lead cupellation technology was developed by pre-Inca civilizations as early as AD 60–120; silver deposits in India, China, Japan, and pre-Columbian America continued to be mined during this time.

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