things to know about electricity

According to Maxwell's equations, a current will be induced in the coil of wire as it rotates.

Sometimes the resistance of an appliance is called the "impedance."

If the drop of water happens to be at the top of a waterfall, its potential energy is very large, because it can fall and exert force.

You don't need to over-think this when having your electrician install a new circuit. In our example above, where we posited an espresso machine having an resistance of 10 Ohms, and an impedance of 9.8 + 2i Ohms, the "imaginary" 2i part is the part that will shift the phase of the current. In order to understand even the simplest concepts of electronics, you must first understand what electricity is. First, this is AC power. It is exactly analagous to the potential energy of a drop of water. And you don't really need to understand this part anyway, so don't despair if you find it confusing. The figure below shows what is actually coming into your building.

When in doubt, have the electrician put in a 30 Ampere circuit.

It will not be constructive. ...written by your friends at

Electricity plays an important role in the way your heart functions. Any real wire has resistance.

This is because you want to make sure that your wiring will accommodate the peaks.

No one who touches the appliance will be hurt. Also, your electrician would be quick to remind you that it’s not the voltage that is harmful, but the current.

Find a local electrical trade school now. For this reason, many commercial appliances are shipped without a plug at the end of the power cord. In practice, the equipment should work anywhere in the 220Volt - 240Volt range, since the manufacturer can't know the actual voltage at the socket into which you are going to plug the appliance. The power factor is 1 when all of the power is real power with no reactive power (resistive load). What the appliance "sees" is then the voltage difference between the two phases, as shown in the figure below. And a power line can run hundreds of feet from the transformer (up on the telephone pole, or in the ground on your street) to your house or building. On outdoor receptacles, flat covers provide protection only when a receptacle isn’t in use, but it’s not uncommon for extension cords to be plugged in for extended periods of time; for holiday lights, for example. Most of the time, you will see these types of systems being used in aircraft, on electrical rail systems like the subways use, and on ocean liners, and even in automobiles.

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2-group machines will draw close to 20 Amperes, and should not be put on a 20 Ampere circuit. The drop of water does not change when you change its position; only its potential energy changes. And by the way, if we return the discussion to the basement, the reason that the two phases are "zig-zagged" back and forth down the center of your main electrical panel is exactly so that any two adjacent slots in the panel will be on different phases. The power is the energy that is used up over time (power is the time-integral of energy), and is equal to the amount of electrons that flow times the potential energy of those electrons (which manifest as energy and make your appliance work). From outside the appliance, we happen to know that we have hooked 120 Volts AC to the "Common ground" terminal of the appliance, but the appliance (which only "sees" the voltage across its two power terminals) can't tell the difference between this two-phase hookup and the kind of single phase 240 Volt hookup that we had been (hypothetically) discussing earlier. For commercial espresso machines, the difference is that the power will be lower (than what is specified for 240 Volt operation), and it will take the boiler longer to warm up in the morning. This allows you to put in a 240 Volt circuit breaker. At 60 Hertz, this means that the voltage waveforms can be thought of as being "delayed from each other" by 1/3 of 1/60-th of a second. The DIY mind-set is wonderful thing. So the two numbers given in the specifications are not meant to be consistent with each other. From the point of view of the espresso machine, it is one phase. While each of the 120 Volt phases work this way, 240 Volts is different. Wires are made to have small resistances, since the purpose of wires is to deliver current (electrical flow) without depleting the voltage (potential energy) of the electrons in the flow. If you need a reminder about how bad some amateur electrical can be, check out this list of the most common electrical code violations. The concept of electricity is both familiar and mysterious. It is much more efficient to transmit power at extremely high voltage, because it takes much less current to do so. The resistance of wire will be specified in "milliohms per foot" (a milliohm is 1/1000 of an Ohm). If your appliance will draw 18 or 19 Amperes, don't try to "squeak by" with a 20 Ampere circuit. You might recall that in a single instance above, we used the word "impedance" instead of "resistance," and said that we were not going to discuss it. Unlike Count Dracula, these items don’t drain your blood, but they will suck dollars out of your wallet. If you look up to the top of the telephone pole near your home, you will see a large can-shaped gadget with wires going into it. Site Created by Internet Marketing Services Company CMDS.

A network of electrical components hooked together, and used to supply, or transmit, electricity to a designated device or area is the definition of electrical power systems.There are large networks that provide electricity for large regions that are known as … And don’t forget the weather-resistant receptacle. And you don't really need to understand this part anyway, so don't despair if you find it confusing.

On the large electrical power systems, it takes generators to supply the juice for the grids, and then there is a transmission system that carries the current from the generators to what is called the load centers, and from there the juice goes to the distribution system that feeds the appropriate amount of power to the different homes and businesses on that grid.

Standard 120 Volt household appliances (by and large) all have the same standard plugs on the ends of their power cords, and those plugs can be plugged into any standard household outlet. Put in a 30 Ampere circuit or you will wind up tripping the circuit breaker occasionally. We'll say a little more about this later. The large sinusoid shows "240 Volts Alternating Current," and the small sinusoid represents "120 Volts Alternating Current.".

And finally, most appliances appear (to the power delivery circuit) as things that are a little more complicated than simple resistors. And, last but not least, keep in mind the importance of securing connections! Remember, the specification is telling you the power (Watts) and current (Amps) assuming that the appliance is running at 230 Volts.

Instead, they are two different "phases" of 120 Volts, and a Common return. This means that the voltage across the appliance (which is the voltage difference between the electrical input ("Hot") and electrical output ("Common") of the appliance) is proportional to both the magnitude of the current flow, and the resistance of the appliance (or wire). By submitting this form, I expressly consent to be contacted by a school/partner in the Career Now Network At 60 Hertz, this means that the voltage waveforms can be thought of as being "delayed from each other" by 1/3 of 1/60-th of a second. Among the insulated wires, there will be a white one, a black one, and if there are more wires, these should be colored too. 3-group and 4-group machines will draw current in the mid-20s (of Amperes).

Not only that, but you will be told that it has to be "single phase" voltage, or that it has to be "two phase" voltage. Many of these tips are cautionary tales. In fact, the magnitude of the induced current will oscillate as a sinusoidal wave as shown in the figure below.

There is no "Common" return.

The large sinusoid shows "240 Volts Alternating Current," and the small sinusoid represents "120 Volts Alternating Current." It does not matter which two. For the two phase system, the two phases are exactly out of phase (shifted by 180 degrees), so that the magnitude of the waveform becomes twice that of the phases: 2 X 120 Volts = 240 Volts. Note also that when the coil is face up, the induced current will be moving in the opposite direction as when the coil is face down. In this case, the appliance will use the phase going to its "Hot" terminal as the 120 Volt AC input, and will regulate this down to a few DC volts relative to the 0 Volt "Common" ground. Because wire has resistance, and because it may run hundreds of feet, some of the voltage is lost in the wire by the current flow (as it flows to where it is needed) in accordance with Ohm's Law.

This is done with turbine engines, or flowing water, or windmills.

Note that machines that are built for the European market in which the standard voltage is 230 Volts must work at 212 Volts to allow for an 8% line loss. This is because you want to make sure that your wiring will accommodate the peaks. This will prevent the plug from being dislodged accidentally. We've used "voltage" and "current" somewhat interchangeably above for ease of exposition.

"Static electricity" represents a situation that all things are made up of electric charges. If the electrician uses a wire that is too thin for the amount of current needed at a given distance, not only will there be a large voltage drop in the wire (and the attached appliances may not work the way they should), but you can literally burn up the wire, and maybe start a fire. Therefore equipment that is specified at 240 Volts should be expected to work at 220 Volts. That is, two (out of three) of the phases are connected across the appliance. We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer), There’s a reason that awareness of electrical issues is a key step in preventing fires in the home. Understanding the concept of electronics requires a simple understanding of what electricity is. If you are opening a coffee shop, you will be buying equipment and acting as a "go between" between your electrician, and the dealer of your equipment (hopefully, TheCoffeeBrewers). Current is denoted "I," and is measured in "Amperes" (sometimes just called "Amps").

The three phase AC power is the standard for the large scale power transmission. The figure below shows what happens because of the resistance in the wire. The amount of resistance is literally called "Resistance," is denoted "R," and is measured in "Ohms." Have you ever seen a TV show of film where an electrical line falls on a car, but the passengers are safe? There are a few reasons for this that we'll touch on very briefly. By the time these voltages get to your building, go through the electrical panel, then get back upstairs and through the walls to your espresso machine, they could have lost as much as 8% of the voltage. Within an appliance, the building ground is connected to the appliance chassis, and to all metal parts that a person could touch. Most equipment (like espresso machines) have lots of resistance. In fact, two-phase power was conceived partly for this reason, to save on the cost of the wires. Ohm's Law states that: V = IR. If you intend to plug other appliances into this same circuit, you need to add up the currents from all of the appliances, and put in a circuit that can handle the total current.

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