How the Gospels Became History: Jesus and Mediterranean Myths. In addition to its larger emphasis and importance placed on the Spirit in the New Testament, the Spirit is also described in much more personalized and individualized terms than earlier.

Augustine found that it is, and consists of "three: the lover, the beloved, and the love. In his interpretation of the idea of God, Arius sought to maintain a formal understanding of the oneness of God. [31] However, Church Fathers such as Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas argued this statement was to be understood as Jesus speaking about his human nature.[32][33]. The Family Bible Encyclopedia (1972). Perhaps the most difficult aspect of God to explain is that of the Holy Spirit. ):[111] a sacrificial, martyring, crucifying, precisely kenotic concept. Volume I. Benjamin B. Warfield saw a principle of subordination in the "modes of operation" of the Trinity, but was also hesitant to ascribe the same to the "modes of subsistence" in relation of one to another. The first tendency recognized the distinctness among the three, but at the cost of their equality and hence of their unity (subordinationism). The Catholic Encyclopedia, "Christianity - The Holy Trinity | Attempts to define the Trinity". Let us rejoice that we have a Triune God who has provided for a Trinitarian salvation.

", "The Trinitarian Teaching of Saint Gregory Nazianzen", "Observations on the "Monotheism" Affirmed in the New Testament", "Paul and the Trinity: The experience of Christ and the Spirit for Paul's Understanding of God", "The Elements of Triadology in the New Testament", "Trinity (History of Trinitarian Doctrines)", Trinity Entry at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, A Formulation and Defense of the Doctrine of the Trinity, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinity&oldid=984890945, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

[126] Recent Islamic studies asserts that "the quranic accusations that christians claim Mary as God can be understood as a rhetorical statement. [4] In this context, a "nature" is what one is, whereas a "person" is who one is.

Updates? [129][130], The Trinity is most commonly seen in Christian art with the Spirit represented by a dove, as specified in the Gospel accounts of the Baptism of Christ; he is nearly always shown with wings outspread. Although the main text used in defense of the deity of the Holy Spirit was Matthew 28:19, Cappadocian Fathers such as Basil the Great argued from other verses such as "But Peter said, 'Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back for yourself part of the proceeds of the land?

The three persons are distinct, yet are one "substance, essence or nature" (homoousios). Robert Magliola, "Two Models of Trinity: French Post-structuralist versus the Historical-critical argued in the Form of a Dialogue," pp. As Christians we believe that this messiah came in the form and person of Jesus, born as a human. [118] Nontrinitarianism was later renewed in the Gnosticism of the Cathars in the 11th through 13th centuries, in the Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century, and in some groups arising during the Second Great Awakening of the 19th century. [25], The Gospel of John has been seen as especially aimed at emphasizing Jesus' divinity, presenting Jesus as the Logos, pre-existent and divine, from its first words: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1).

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