Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness", "An updated phylogeny of Anisoptera including formal convergence analysis of morphological characters", "Featured Creatures: dragonflies and damselflies", "Habitat Characteristics and Odonata Diversity in Mountain Ponds of Central Italy", "Sperm competition and penis structure in some Libellulid dragonflies (Anisoptera)", "The odonate mating system, communication, and sexual selection: A review", "Blue integumentary structural colours in dragonflies (Odonata) are not produced by incoherent Tyndall scattering", "The role of landmarks in territory maintenance by the black saddlebags dragonfly, Tramea lacerata", "Home Range, Movement, and Distribution Patterns of the Threatened Dragonfly Sympetrum depressiusculum (Odonata: Libellulidae): A Thousand Times Greater Territory to Protect? Water mites, Hydracarina, can kill smaller dragonfly larvae, and may also be seen on adults. This site is owned and operated by Michael Chamberlain. The hatching process varies from species to species with some being ready to emerge in a few weeks, and others – typically the hawkers not emerging until the following spring.

What is the lifespan of a dragonfly? It was all confined, in true dragonfly fashion, to one small space. [78], The dragonfly's long lifespan and low population density makes it vulnerable to disturbance, such as from collisions with vehicles on roads built near wetlands. [24][26][27][28], Dragonfly nymphs vary in form with species and are loosely classed into claspers, sprawlers, hiders, and burrowers. About 3012 species of dragonflies were known in 2010; these are classified into 348 genera in 11 families. Some English vernacular names, such as "horse-stinger",[94] "devil's darning needle", and "ear cutter", link them with evil or injury. [b][98], More recently, dragonfly watching has become popular in America as some birdwatchers seek new groups to observe. Often stylized in a double-barred cross design, dragonflies are a common motif in Zuni pottery, as well as Hopi rock art and Pueblo necklaces. They are used in traditional medicine in Japan and China, and caught for food in Indonesia. You will see dragonflies in warm, "tropical habitats." [99], In heraldry, like other winged insects, the dragonfly is typically depicted tergiant (with its back facing the viewer), with its head to chief. The attacker thus looms larger as he closes on the rival, but does not otherwise appear to move. [95] Swedish folklore holds that the devil uses dragonflies to weigh people's souls. First of all, let’s dive into the quick answer, then we’ll go over some of the details…. First, the male has to attract a female to his territory, continually driving off rival males. There are remarkable variations in the presence and the form of the penis and the related structures, the flagellum, cornua and genital lobes. Where do Dragonflies Live? The dragonfly mistakes the pebbles for prey, gets tangled in the hair, and is dragged to the ground by the weight. Swarms of feeding adults aggregate to prey on swarming prey such as emerging flying ants or termites. [9] The first instar is known as a prolarva, a relatively inactive stage from which it quickly moults into the more active nymphal form. [73], Most odonatologists live in temperate areas and the dragonflies of North America and Europe have been the subject of much research. [39] There is also conflict between the males and females. The male-bias ratio has contributed partially to the females using different habitats to avoid male harassment. [29] The general body plan is similar to that of an adult, but the nymph lacks wings and reproductive organs.

They have a uniquely complex mode of reproduction involving indirect insemination, delayed fertilization, and sperm competition. Some defend a territory against others of their own species, some against other species of dragonfly and a few against insects in unrelated groups. Researchers found that six of 15 encounters involved motion camouflage. The oldest fossils are of the Protodonata from the 325 Mya Upper Carboniferous of Europe, a group that included the largest insect that ever lived, Meganeuropsis permiana from the Early Permian, with a wingspan around 750 mm (30 in);[4] their fossil record ends with the Permian–Triassic extinction event (about 247 Mya). Reviewing his artwork, the odonatologists Albert Orr and Matti Hämäläinen comment that his drawing of a 'large brown' (, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, International Union for Conservation of Nature, "Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848 In: Zhang, Z.-Q. Early in the morning, they may choose to perch in a vertical position with the wings outstretched, while in the middle of the day, a horizontal stance may be chosen.

[84]:38, In Chinese culture, dragonflies symbolize both change and instability. [65], The larvae are voracious predators, eating most living things that are smaller than they are. Where Do Dragonflies Live? As much as it may be complex to understand the science behind... How Fast Can a Moose Run?

Dragonflies have lived on the planet for millions of years, and the first fossil evidence of dragonflies dates back 325 million years. Can You Outrun One?

Sperm is produced at the 9th segment and is transferred to the secondary genitalia prior to mating. Dragonflies are "found" in "freshwater habitats." Can You Outrun One? Akitu is an old word for dragonfly, so one interpretation of Akitsushima is "Dragonfly Island". [95] The Southern United States terms "snake doctor" and "snake feeder" refer to a folk belief that dragonflies catch insects for snakes or follow snakes around and stitch them back together if they are injured. [40] Some dragonflies signal ownership with striking colours on the face, abdomen, legs, or wings.

These facets provide complete vision in the frontal hemisphere of the dragonfly. Do dragonflies sleep or rest? Their bright colours and agile flight are admired in the poetry of Lord Tennyson and the prose of H. E. Bates.

Many adult dragonflies choose to stick near their watery homes. An analysis of some 18th century dragonfly illustrations", "Draper's Genetically Modified Cyborg DragonflEye Takes Flight", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragonfly&oldid=981886632, Insects used as insect pest control agents, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 October 2020, at 00:16. [75] Over 60% of Japan's wetlands were lost in the 20th century, so its dragonflies now depend largely on rice fields, ponds, and creeks. [24], The abdomen is long and slender and consists of 10 segments. [46] Flying in tandem has the advantage that less effort is needed by the female for flight and more can be expended on egg-laying, and when the female submerges to deposit eggs, the male may help to pull her out of the water. They are symbols of courage, strength, and happiness in Japan, but seen as sinister in European folklore. This proposes the establishment of protected areas around the world and the management of these areas to provide suitable habitat for dragonflies. The Protanisoptera, another ancestral group which lacks certain wing vein characters found in modern Odonata, lived from the Early to Late Permian age until the end Permian event, and are known from fossil wings from current day United States, Russia, and Australia, suggesting they might have been cosmopolitan in distribution. [30], Many adult dragonflies have brilliant iridescent or metallic colours produced by structural coloration, making them conspicuous in flight. (Ed.) The springtime darner (Basiaeschna janata), for example, is suddenly very common in the spring, but disappears a few weeks later and is not seen again until the following year. Dragonflies are agile fliers, while damselflies have a weaker, fluttery flight. Woodcut on paper, after Kitagawa Utamaro, 1788, Tiffany & Co. Japonism vase with dragonfly handles, c. 1879, Walters Art Museum, Tiffany dragonfly pendant lamp, designed c. 1903, Japanese tsuba with a dragonfly, 1931: Shibuichi with gold and silver, Walters Art Museum, Flying Dragon, by Alexander Calder, 1975, Art Institute of Chicago, Lafcadio Hearn wrote in his 1901 book A Japanese Miscellany that Japanese poets had created dragonfly haiku "almost as numerous as are the dragonflies themselves in the early autumn. Their overall coloration is often a combination of yellow, red, brown, and black pigments, with structural colours. After morphing anywhere from 9 – 17 times the dragonfly will be ready to emerge, this process occurring faster in warmer climes. Their adult lives are spent around wetland habitats where they feast on flying insects, mosquitoes, butterflies and other dragonflies, whilst avoiding predation from birds, amphibians and other hungry insects. Adult dragonflies live around water as well but are capable of flying long distances in search of food and mates. We've always had a love of the outdoors, nature and wildlife. The greatest cause of decline is forest clearance with the consequent drying up of streams and pools which become clogged with silt. They mate in places where there is freshwater. Breeding takes place over water so that the female can lay her eggs successfully either in the water or on vegetation surrounding the water source where the whole cycle will begin again.

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