On July 14, 2011 The Republic of South Sudan joined the United Nations as the world's 193rd nation. The people of Southern Sudan await their historic opportunity for peace and stability, after a twenty one-year conflict that claimed at least two million lives.
No sooner had the ink dried on the peace agreement than fighting once again broke out between supporters of the two men, and by 2016 the country had plunged back into civil war. June 1983: The Sudanese government officially abolishes the Addis Ababa Agreement and divides the south into three regions. After the Sudan region was invaded in 1820 by Muḥammad ʿAlī, viceroy of Egypt under the Ottoman Empire, the southern Sudan was plundered for slaves. The southern plains consist of an alkaline soil that is a heavy cracking clay. These laws include extreme punishments such as cutting off offenders' hands for stealing.
Conflict in Sudan continues to worsen. Almost straight away southerners complained of discrimination and an unfair division of wealth, opportunities and political power between northerners and southerners. 1996: Salva is approved for resettlement in the US.
After the Sudan region was invaded in 1820 by Muḥammad ʿAlī, viceroy of Egypt under the Ottoman Empire, the southern Sudan was plundered for slaves.By the end of the 19th century the Sudan … 1992: The UNHCR Kakuma Refugee Camp in northwestern Kenya begins accepting Sudanese refugees.
Former Director General, Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, Cairo. The Ironstone Plateau lies between the Nile-Congo watershed and the clay plain; its level country is marked with inselbergs (isolated hills rising abruptly from the plains). A little farther north along its course, the White Nile receives much of its water from the right-bank Sobat River, which flows from the Ethiopian Plateau to join the Nile near Malakal. These early rebels develop a large secessionist movement in the south, called the Anyanya. In addition, southern leaders accused Khartoum of trying to impose an Islamic and Arabic identity on the south and of reneging on promises to create a federal system. At the heart of the country is a clay plain, the centre of which is occupied by an enormous swampy region known as Al-Sudd (the Sudd). Late 1980s: President Nimeiry is deposed and Sadiq al-Mahdi rises to power.
Despite the establishment in Khartoum of a power-sharing government between Omar al-Bashir and Salva Kiir, numerous deadly skirmishes occurred.
South Sudan, the world's newest nation, was once a sizeable part of Sudan, the country to its north. 1930: The British Civil Secretary in Khartoum declares the "Southern Policy," officially stating what had always been in practice: the north and south, because of their many cultural and religious differences, are governed as two separate regions.
I want emails from Lonely Planet with travel and product information, promotions, advertisements, third-party offers, and surveys. 1955: Anticipating independence and fearing domination by the north, southern insurgents stage a mutiny in Torit. The new government fiercely enforces Islamic code throughout Sudan, banning trade unions, political parties, and other "non-religious" institutions. In December 2013, with intertribal conflict erupting in many parts of the country, things went from bad to worse after President Kiir accused his deputy, Riek Machar, of attempting to overthrow him in a coup. Late 1970s: Repeated violations of the Addis Ababa Agreement by the north lead to increased unrest in the south. The Anyanya struggled with a lot of internal factionalism and instability, much like the SPLA would deal with in the second civil war.
January 1, 1956: Independence is granted to Sudan as a single unified nation. Many southerners suspected foul play and demonstrations and fighting broke out again. The following brief timeline lays out the most recent phase in Sudan and South Sudan's history, beginning with imperialist intervention.
On the Uganda border there are massive ranges with peaks rising to more than 10,000 feet (3,000 metres). The history of South Sudan is very much tied up with that of its northern neighbour, Sudan. The conflict finally ended with the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement, under which the south was granted regional autonomy along with guaranteed representation in a national power-sharing government, as well as a referendum for the south on independence. 1890s: Britain regains control of Sudan with military campaigns led by Lord Kitchener. Omar Hassan al-Bashir wins Presidency of Sudan with 68% of the vote. 1993: A peace initiative for Sudan is pursued by Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), but has little effect. The oil-rich state of Abyei, which sits on the frontier of Sudan and South Sudan, is, and continues to be, a particular flashpoint. In July of that year John Garang was sworn in as first vice president of Sudan, but then, just one month later, he was killed in a plane crash. In 1962 a rebellion originally launched by southern army officers seven years earlier turned into a full-scale civil war against Khartoum led by the Anya Nya guerrilla movement. © 2020 Lonely Planet.
https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Sudan, South Sudan - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), South Sudan - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The future looked bright in 1978 when the first oil was discovered in South Sudan: however, civil war broke out again in 1983 after Khartoum cancelled the autonomy arrangements. In 1956 Sudan as a whole became independent and the people of South Sudan found themselves being ruled by Khartoum. 1989: The Sudanese government begins deploying army militiamen notoriously known as the People's Defense Forces to raid villages in the south alongside the murahaleen. Led by Kerubino Bol, the battalion flees to Ethiopia. January 9, 2005: Peace is finally brokered between southern rebels and the government of Sudan. South Sudan is bounded on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; and on the west by the Central African Republic. 1978: Chevron finds large oil fields in the Upper Nile and southern Kordofan regions. South Sudan’s capital is Juba. Numerous discussions, cease-fires, and agreements between southern leaders and their northern counterparts occurred but yielded very little success until the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), which ended warfare and generated an outline of new measures to share power, distribute wealth, and provide security in Sudan.
August 1, 2005: John Garang dies in a helicopter crash three weeks after being sworn in as First Vice President of Sudan.
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